Determination of diquat and paraquat by high performance liquid chromatography in areas of environmental monitoring

I.M. Fitsev^*, A.Yu. Likhacheva^**, A.M. Sayfutdinov^***, A.Z. Mukharlyamova^****, S.L. Mokhtarova^*****, Z.R. Nasybullina^******

Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety, Kazan, 420075 Russia

E-mail: ^*fitzev@mail.ru, ^**aloynagreen@gmail.com, ^***alex.saifutdinov@gmail.com, ^****muharlyamova82@mail.ru, ^*****fizhim@vnivi.ru, ^****** vnivi@vnivi.ru

Received February 4, 2021

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2021.1.61-71

For citation: Fitsev I.M., Likhacheva A.Yu., Sayfutdinov A.M., Mukharlyamova A.Z., Mokhtarova S.L., Nasybullina Z.R. Determination of diquat and paraquat by high performance liquid chromatography in areas of environmental monitoring. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2021, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 61–71. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2021.1.61-71. (In Russian)

Abstract

The concentrations of diquat and paraquat, two members of the class of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and sample preparation with solid phase extraction. The results obtained during the HPLC determination of diquat and paraquat were confirmed by the method of HPLC – quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) with electrospray ionization. Diquat (0.17 ? 0.02 mg/kg on average, i.e., below its maximum permissible level) was found in the soil samples used to cultivate sunflower, wheat, and potato. In the surface waters of the natural water bodies adjacent to the agricultural lands treated with diquat and paraquat, no QAC compounds were found.

Keywords: environmental monitoring of natural areas, quaternary ammonium compounds, diquat, paraquat, high performance liquid chromatography, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Acknowledgments. We are grateful to the Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety for providing us with the analytical equipment used in this study.

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. ESI mass spectrum of diquat in soil sample no. 3, main ionization routes of its molecule.

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