Spectrophotometric determination of nitroxoline in medicines using the response surface methodology

R.F. Bakeeva^*, S.Yu. Garmonov^**, V.D. Osipova^***, K.V. Chernyj^****, S.Yu. Mamykina^*****, V.F. Sopin^******

Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, 420015 Russia

E-mail: ^*gurf71@mail.ru, ^**serggar@mail.ru, ^***viktoria_31_03@mail.ru,

^****kostya12052003@gmail.com, ^*****fatinia@kstu.ru, ^******vlad_sopin24@rambler.ru

Received January 23, 2023; Accepted February 28, 2023

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2023.1.118-132

For citation: Bakeeva R.F., Garmonov S.Yu., Osipova V.D., Chernyj K.V., Mamykina S.Yu., Sopin V.F. Spectrophotometric determination of nitroxoline in medicines using the response surface methodology. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2023, vol. 165, no. 1, pp. 118–132. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2023.1.118-132. (In Russian)

Abstract

It was shown by the conductometric study that the formation of micelles in the cetyltrimethylam­monium bromide (CTAB) – dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) – water system occurs at higher critical micelle concentrations (CMC) than in the CTAB – water system. The solubilization of nitroxoline in this system upon reaching the CMC was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The Box–Behnken design was used to obtain systems with the highest light absorption of nitroxoline, depending on the CTAB concentration, the acidity of the pH medium, and the proportion of DMSO when searching for the optimal matrix. A sensitive and selective technique suitable for micellar media and spectrophotometric analysis was developed using the response surface methodology for the determination of nitroxoline in medicines.

Keywords: surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, spectrophotometry, nitroxoline, response surface methodology, Box–Behnken plans, drugs

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. Conductometric curves for the systems CTAB + H₂O (a) and CTAB + DMSO + H₂O (b).

Fig. 2. Nitroxoline spectra in water and buffer solutions.

Fig. 3. Absorption spectra of saturated nitroxoline solutions in the CTAB + DMSO (20%) + H₂O (80%) (I) system, l = 0.2 cm, 25 °C. The spectra were recorded at CTAB concentrations corresponding to those used to determine CMC.

Fig. 4. Change in the AB intensity of nitroxoline in saturated solutions of the CTAB + DMSO (20%) + H₂O (80%) + buffer pH 6.88 (II) system.

Fig. 5. 3D graphs of the dependence of the intensity of the A₂₇₀ AB (a) on the concentration of CTAB (X₁) and the pH of the medium (X₂) at a_DMSO equal to 0.4 (X₃); (b) on the concentration of CTAB (X₁) and a_DMSO (X₃) at the medium pH 7.6 (X₂).

Fig. 6. 3D graphs of the dependence of the intensity of the A₄₅₀ AB on the concentration of CTAB (X₁) and a_DMSO (X₃) at the pH of the medium (X₂) equal to: (a) –1, pH 2 and (b) 1, pH 7.6.

Fig. 7. Pareto diagrams of standardized effects of the independent factors on the intensity of A₂₇₀ (a) and A₄₅₀a_DMSO (L – linear, Q – quadratic effects).

Fig. 8. Determination of optimal conditions using the desirability function for A₂₇₀ (a) and A₄₅₀ (b).

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