Stages and physicochemical conditions of polymetallic deposits formation in the Southwestern Karamazar (Northern Tajikistan)

A.R. Fayziev ^a*, F.A. Fayziev ^b**, S.B. Yatimov ^a***, N.K. Usmonov ^c****

^aInstitute of Geology, Seismological Construction and Seismology, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, 734063 Republic of Tajikistan

^bTajik National University, Dushanbe, 734025 Republic of Tajikistan

^cTajikistan Mining Metallurgical Institute, Buston, 735730 Republic of Tajikistan

E-mail: ^*faiziev38@mail.ru, ^**foteh81@mail.ru, ^***yatimov.s.b@mail.ru, ^****noraliusmonov@mail.ru

Received March 16, 2020

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Full text PDF

DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2022.1.166-180

For citation: Fayziev A.R., Fayziev F.A., Yatimov S.B., Usmonov N.K. Stages and physicochemical conditions of polymetallic deposits formation in the Southwestern Karamazar (Northern Tajikistan). Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2022, vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 166–180. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2022.1.166-180. (In Russian)

Abstract

This article discusses the stages and physicochemical conditions of polymetallic deposits formation in the Southwestern Karamazar, Northern Tajikistan. The Takeli, Kuruksay, and Kansay ore fields are considered here as an example. The data obtained show that these ore fields are all characterized by the following four stages of hydrothermal ore formation: 1) sulfide, 2) carbonate, 3) quartz-sulfide, and 4) carbonate-barite-fluorite. In the first stage, the mineral formation occurred at the temperature of 450–300 ?C from mainly calcium bicarbonate and calcium sulfate-sodium solutions. The second calcite stage of mineralization occurred at the temperature of 360–160 ?C with a paleotemperature gradient of 14 ?C/100 m. The composition of ore-forming fluids was sulfate-chloride-calcium-sodium-magnesium. The products of the third stage formed in the wide temperature range of 350–90 ?C from predominantly sulfate and hydrocarbonate solutions with a low content of chlorine anions. The main cations were sodium, calcium, and magnesium. The paleotemperature gradient was 10–12 ?C/100 m. The fourth stage proceeded at the temperature of 180–115 ?C from solutions of mainly bicarbonate-calcium composition and low content of chlorine, sulfate ion, sodium, and potassium.

Keywords: stage, physicochemical conditions, hydrothermal mineral formation, skarn, polymetallic deposits, temperature, solution, triple aqueous extract

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. Stages of mineralization in the Southwestern Karamazar deposits.

Fig. 2. Forms of inclusions of first-generation quartz.

Fig. 3. Forms of calcite I inclusions.

Fig. 4. Forms of quartz II inclusions.

Fig. 5. Forms of calcite II inclusions.

Fig. 6. Gas and liquid inclusions in barite.

References

1. Nasledov V.N. Kara-Mazar. In: Tadzhiksko-Pamirskaya ekspeditsiya 1933 g.: Materialy ekspeditsii [Tajik-Pamir Expedition of 1933: Expedition Report]. Leningrad, 1935, no. XIX. 402 p. (In Russian)
2. Vol'fson F.I. Struktura i genezis svintsovo-tsinkovykh mestorozhdenii Yugo-Zapadnogo Karamazara [Structure and Genesis of the Southwestern Karamazar Lead-Zinc Deposits]. Moscow, Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1951. 184 p. (In Russian)
3. Shikhin Yu.S. Methods for quantitative assessment of endogenic mineralization by geological factors (using the Takeli ore field of the Southwestern Karamazar as an example). Extended Abstract of Cand. Geol.-Mineral. Sci. Diss. Leningrad, 1967. 20 p. (In Russian)
4. Abdullaev Kh.M., Adelung A.S., Voronin V.A., Gor'kovoi O.P., Kalabina M.G., Malakov A.A., Matsokina T.M., Mirkhodzhaev I.M., Radzhabov F.Sh. Osnovnye cherty magmatizma i metallogenii Chatkalo-Kuraminskikh gor [The Main Features of Magmatism and Metallogeny of the Chatkal-Qurama Mountains]. Tashkent, Izd. Akad. Nauk UzSSR, 1958. 289 p. (In Russian)
5. Zharikov V.A. Geologiya i metasomaticheskie yavleniya skarnovo-polimetallicheskikh mestorozhdenii Zapadnogo Karamazara [Geology and Metasomatic Events of the Skarn Polymetallic Deposits of the Western Karamazar]. Moscow, Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1959. 371 p. (In Russian)
6. Rakhimov Sh.Kh. Geological and structural features of the Kurusay I lead-zinc deposit and problems of exploring concealed ore bodies (Southwestern Karamazar, Tajik SSR). Extended Abstract of Cand. Geol.-Mineral. Sci. Diss. Dushanbe, 1965. 22 p. (In Russian)
7. Sazonov V.D. On the determination of sphalerite deposition temperatures based on iron content. Tr. Inst. Geol. Akad. Nauk TadzhSSR, 1961, no. 4, pp. 215–233. (In Russian)
8. Sazonov V.D. Some physicochemical features of hypogene mineralization processes. Extended Abstract of Cand. Geol.-Mineral. Sci. Diss. Dushanbe, 1962. 24 p. (In Russian)
9. Shikhin Yu.S. Rock composition as a guide to hydrothermal mineralization control (using the Karamazar as an example). Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 1992, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 31–46. (In Russian)
10. Nekrasov E.M. Geology and structural features of vein-type lead and zinc deposits. Geol. Ore Deposits, 2007, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 487–496. doi: 10.1134/S1075701507060049.
11. Fayziev A.R., Fayziev F.A. Ore-formation types silver deposits in Tajikistan. Izv. Akad. Nauk Resp. Tadzh. Otd. Fiz.-Mat., Khim., Geol., Tekh. Nauk, 2015, no. 3, pp. 92–99. (In Russian)
12. Fayziev A.R., Fayziev F.A. Silver polymetallic ore-formation type of mineralization in Tajikistan. Vestn. Tadzh. Nats. Univ. Ser. Estestv. Nauk, 2015, no. 1-5-2, pp. 271–279. (In Russian)
13. Fayziev F.A., Fayziev A.R., Yatimov S.B. On the silver content of skarn polymetallic deposits of the Western Karamazar (Northern Tajikistan). Izv. Akad. Nauk Resp. Tadzh. Otd. Fiz.-Mat., Khim., Tekh. Nauk, 2018, no. 1, pp. 97–106. (In Russian)
14. Fayziev F.A. Structural and geological types of the endogenic silver and argentiferous deposits of Tajikistan. Dokl. Akad. Nauk Resp. Tadzh., 2018, vol. 61, nos. 11–12, pp. 888–892. (In Russian)
15. Fayziev F.A. Silver mineralization of the Kanjol deposit (Northern Tajikistan). Geol. Geofiz. Yuga Ross., 2019, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 69–82. doi: 10.23671/VNC.2019.2.31978.
16. Fayziev F.A., Yatimov S.B., Usmonov N.K., Saidov A.I., Nazarov Kh.E., Fayziev A.R. Silver-containing minerals of the deposits of the Takeli ore field (Southwestern Karamazar). Dokl. Akad. Nauk Resp. Tadzh., 2019, vol. 62, nos. 9–10, pp. 581–587. (In Russian)
17. Fayziev F.A., Yatimov S.B., Fayziev A.R. Silver mineralization of the Kansay ore field (Northern Tajikistan). Dokl. Akad. Nauk Resp. Tadzh., 2019, vol. 62, nos. 11–12, pp. 696–703. (In Russian)
18. Fayziev F.A. Structural factor of ore mineralization control at some silver and argentiferous deposits of Northern and Central Tajikistan. Nauka Innovatsiya. Ser. Geol. Tekh. Nauk, 2020, no. 1, pp. 56–60. (In Russian)
19. Fayziev A.R., Dzainukov A.B., Tadzhibaev G.T. on the identity of skarn polymetallic and hydrothermal polymetallic mineralization in the Karamazar deposits (Central Tian Shan). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1991, vol. 318, no. 5, pp. 1199–1202. (In Russian)
20. Ermakov N.P. Issledovanie mineraloobrazuyushchikh rastvorov [Research on Ore-Forming Solutions]. Kharkiv, Izd. Khark. Univ., 1950. 460 p. (In Russian)
21. Piznyur A.V. Osnovy termobarogeokhimii [Fundamentals of Thermobarogeochemistry]. Lvov, Vishcha Shk., Izd. L'vov. Univ., 1986. 199 p. (In Russian)
22. Fayziev A.R., Morozov S.A., Mogarovskii V.V., Alidodov B.A., Iskanderov F.Sh. Thermobarogeochemical conditions for the formation of hypogene deposits in Tajikistan. Termobarogeokhimiya endogennykh sistem: Materialy Mezhdunar. simpoziuma po termobarogeokhimii [Thermobarogeochemistry of Endogenic Systems: Proc. Int. Symp. on Thermobarogeochemistry]. Dushanbe, 1998, pp. 20–26. (In Russian)
23. Pashkov Yu.N. Thermometry of ore-forming media inclusions. In: Rekharskii V.I. (Ed.) Metody i apparatura dlya issledovaniya vklyuchenii mineraloobrazuyushchikh sred [Methods and Tools for Studying Ore-Forming Media Inclusions]. Moscow, Nauka, 1980, pp. 12–31. (In Russian)
24. Moskalyuk A.A. Using the water extraction method and studying the composition of inclusions in minerals. Tr. VNIISIMS, 1971, vol. 14: Research on ore-forming solutions and melts by inclusions in minerals, pp. 102–106. (In Russian)
25. Kullerud G. The FeS-ZnS system: A geological thermometer. Nor. Geol. Tidsskr., 1953, vol. 32, no. 2/4, pp. 61–147.

The content is available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.