Legal ideas of Kazan University professors A.T. Bazhanov and N.S. Zakharov: Problems of consolidating the rule of law and order

I.A. Tarkhanov^*, N.G. Muratova^**

Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

E-mail: ^*itarhanov@mail.ru, ^**muratowan@mail.ru

Received May 18, 2020

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DOI: 10.26907/2541-7738.2020.4.120-130

For citation: Tarkhanov I.A., Muratova N.G. Legal ideas of Kazan University professors A.T. Bazhanov and N.S. Zakharov: Problems of consolidating the rule of law and order. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2020, vol. 162, no. 4, pp. 120–130. doi: 10.26907/2541-7738.2020.4.120-130. (In Russian)

Abstract

The research works of A.T. Bazhanov and N.S. Zakharov, two professors of Kazan University, were discussed. They studied the emergence and development of state legislation aimed to ensure the law and order at various historical stages. The importance of A.T. Bazhanov’s ideas about the bodies of the Paris Commune of 1871 and its historical lessons for the development of foreign and Russian legislation was emphasized. The researcher analyzed the experience of development of judicial institutions and focused on the role of examining judges, magistrate judges, and freedom of judicial protection in the criminal process. Some of them are still crucial in the modern period. In the Republic of Tatarstan, magistrate judges appointed by the State Council successfully perform their duties. N.S. Zakharov singled out certain stages in the formation of Russian revolutionary legislation during the 1920s. He also paid a considerable attention to criminal punishment. Both professors were concerned with strengthening the rule of law and order, which was promoted in their lectures delivered to many generations of students. They updated their views with time and in the process of law enforcement advance. We investigated the historical events described in the works of these professors. Their conclusions are of practical use in modern legislation. The need to preserve traditions in further formation and development of Russian law was proved.

Keywords: historical traditions, legal ideas, criminal law, criminal procedure, judicial institutions, history of legislation, justicial bodies, court

References

1. Bazhanov A.T. Gosudarstvo i pravo Prizhskoi Kommuny [State and Law of the Paris Commune]. Kazan, Izd. Kazan. Univ., 1971. 295 p. (In Russian)
2. Sud i pravosudie v SSSR [Court and Justice in the USSR]. Bazhanov A.T., Malkova V.P. (Eds.). Kazan, Izd. Kazan. Univ., 1980. 400 p. (In Russian)
3. Bazhanov A.T. Organy yustitsii Parizhskoi Kommuny [Judicial Bodies of the Paris Commune]. Ado V.I. (Ed.). Kazan, Izd. Kazan. Univ., 1971. 138 p. (In Russian)
4. Muratova N.G. Examining judge in the system of supervisory review of criminal matters. “Chernye Dyry” v Rossiiskom Zakonodatelstve, 2004, no. 3, pp. 80–83. (In Russian)
5. Muratova N.G. Examining judge in the judicial system of France and Russia. In: 1 Mezhdunarodnyi simpozium. Sbornik statei uchenykh Kazanskogo universiteta (na russkom i frantsuzskom yazykakh) [The First International Symposium. Collection of Papers Written by the Researchers of Kazan University (In Russian and French)]. Kazan, 2005, pp. 373–378. (In Russian)
6. Chulyukin L.D., Muratova N.G. The concept and legal nature of judicial review of criminal cases. Rossiiskii Sud’ya, 2004, no. 3, pp. 15–18. (In Russian)
7. Zakharov N.S. Oktyabr’skaya revolyustiya i sovetskoe stroitel’stvo v Srednem Povolzh’e (oktyabr’ 1917 – mart 1918 g.) [The October Revolution and Soviet Construction in the Middle Volga Region (October 1917 – March 1918)]. Kazan, Izd. Kazan. Univ., 1970. 115 p. (In Russian)
8. Zakharov N.S. Sovety Srednego Povolzh’ya v period bor’by za diktaturu proletariata [The City Councils of the Middle Volga Region during the Fight to Strengthen the Dictatorship of Proletariat]. Kazan, Izd. Kazan. Univ., 1977. 278 p. (In Russian)
9. Zakharov N.S. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo v period inostrannoi voennoi interventsii i grazhdanskoi voiny (1918–1920) [Soviet State and Law during Foreign Military Intervention and Civil War (1918–1920)]. Kazan, Izd. Kazan. Univ., 1962. 85 p. (In Russian)

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