The Structure of Sandstones in Productive Horizons of the Permian Bituminous Deposits of Tatarstan (Russia)

R.R. Khasanov^a*, A.I. Mullakaev^a**, E.N. Dusmanov^b***

^aKazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

^bTatar Geology and Prospecting Administration, PAO Tatneft, Kazan, 420111 Russia

E-mail: ^*Rinat.Khassanov@kpfu.ru, ^**almazmullakaev@gmail.com, ^***evgeny.dusmanov@gmail.com

Received January 20, 2017

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Abstract

The features of sandstones in productive horizons of the Permian bituminous deposits of Tatarstan (Russia) have been considered. The composition and internal structure of sandstones have been studied by optical microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electron microscopy, as well as using a number of physical and chemical methods to solve special problems. The investigated sandstones belong to the greywacke group. The clastic material of sandstones contains grains of feldspar, quartz, mica, and particles of volcanic rocks. The nature and composition of cement are important parameters that determine the filtration-capacity properties of sedimentary rocks. Bituminous deposits are characterized by vertical zoning, which is expressed in the alternation of sites with varying degrees of cementation of rocks. Attention has been also paid to post-sedimentation processes, such as pyritization and calcification. Pyrite forms rare xenomorphic isometric grains. The formation of pyrite occurs in diagenesis and is associated with the processes of biogenic sulfate reduction. The source of calcium for the crystallization of dispersed calcite in the porous space of sandstones is the underground waters of red-colored Ufimian deposits characterized by the alkaline properties favorable for calcium migration. According to the data of X-ray computed tomography, the internal space of the studied rocks is not homogeneous and represented by a system of communicated and isolated pores. In the studied samples, two types of organic matter differing in organic radicals have been detected. The first type is an organic substance of coal origin. The second type of organic matter belongs to the oil origin and refers to bitumens in its properties. The presence of a significant percentage of asphaltenes in the bitumen composition indicates the destruction of the oil substance in the near-surface conditions.

Keywords: bitumens, sands and sandstones, mineral composition, reservoir properties, structure

Acknowledgments. This study was funded by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University as part of the state program for increasing its competitiveness among the world's leading centers of science and education.

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. Greywacke sandstone: on the left – single nicol; on the right – crossed nicols.

Fig. 2. Carbonaceous cement: on the left – single nicol; on the right – crossed nicols.

Fig. 3. Filling of the empty-pore space of sandstones with mineral substance: a – clay minerals, b – diagenetic pyrite framboids.

Fig. 4. Visual des­cription of the empty-pore space in bituminous sandstone based on data of computer tomography: on the left – two-dimensional image (mineral grains are shown with gray and white colors), on the right – three-dimensional image (mineral matrix is light gray, pores are gray and dark gray).

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For citation: Khasanov R.R., Mullakaev A.I., Dusmanov E.N. The structure of sandstones in productive horizons of the Permian bituminous deposits of Tatarstan (Russia). Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2017, vol. 159, no. 1, pp. 164–173. (In Russian)

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