Neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide
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Neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide

G.F. Sitdikova a, A. Hermann b, A.V. Yakovlev a

a Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

b University of Salzburg, Salzburg, A-5020 Austria

Received June 3, 2018

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Abstract

Homocysteine is a sulfhydryl-containing amino acid derived from methionine. The cellular concentration of homocysteine is regulated by two key pathways: remethylation back to methionine or transsulfuration to cysteine with simultaneous production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Homocysteine levels increase in different conditions, including genetic factors, diet, life style or miscellaneous medication. Elevated levels of the homocysteine, called hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), are associated with a higher risk of neurovascular diseases, dementia, developmental impairments or epilepsy. Oxidative stress is one of the common mechanisms of homocysteine-induced disorders. H2S as an established gasotransmitter implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological functions is also well-known for its neuroprotective potential. The recent data indicate that the level of H2S decreases in hHcy conditions, which may mediate homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity. This review summarizes the available data on homocysteine and H2S metabolism and mechanisms of H2S mediating neuroprotection and can be helpful in searching for ways to prevent homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity.

Keywords: homocysteine, hyperhomocysteinemia, cystathionine beta synthase, hydrogen sulfide, oxidative stress, glutamate receptors, Ca2+-activated K+-channels, neurodegeneration, cognitive dysfunctions

Acknowledgements. This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects no. 18-015-00423 and 18-315-00256).

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 For other references see (total number of references: 118)

For citation: Sitdikova G.F., Hermann A., Yakovlev A.V. Neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2018, vol. 160, no. 4, pp. 686–704.

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