Comparison of Toxicity of Sediments from Rivers with Different Levels of Anthropogenic Load (Middle Volga Region, Russia) Based on Elutriate and Whole Sediment Tests
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Comparison of Toxicity of Sediments from Rivers with Different Levels of Anthropogenic Load (Middle Volga Region, Russia) Based on Elutriate and Whole Sediment Tests

N.Yu. Stepanova*, T.R. Latypova**, L.V. Novikova***

Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

E-mail: *nstepanova.kazan96@gmail.com, **ta-mik._5@mail.ru, ***ljudmila_88@list.ru

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Abstract

Des­cription of chemical characteristics and toxicity testing of whole sediment and elutriate have been performed with 35 samples taken during the monitoring of rivers in the Middle Volga region (Tatarstan, Russia) in 2013. The locations analyzed are sites associated with agriculture, forestry, and petroleum hydrocarbons (oil) production. The toxicity tests include: (1) Chlorella vulgaris (algal) elutriate test, (2) Paramecium caudatum (ciliate) elutriate test, (3) Daphnia magna (cladoceran) whole sediment toxicity test, and (4) Heterocypris incongruens (ostracod) whole sediment toxicity test. The concentrations of metals in 43% of sediment samples have been found to exceed probable effect concentration sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). However, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides have turned out to be below SQGs in most sites. The correlation analysis has shown metal toxicity to daphnid reproduction and ostracod growth (R2 = 0.34–0.64) and ammonia (R2 = 0.49–0.54). A higher percentage of samples have shown toxicity in the whole sediment tests (86%) compared to the elutriate tests (54%). A total of 91% of samples have demonstrated toxicity for at least one species. Toxicity has been most frequently observed for daphnid reproduction (83% of samples) and ostracod growth (56% of samples) compared to daphnid (23%) survival, ostracod (11%) survival, and ciliate reproduction (54%) or algal growth (54%). The most polluted sediments have been registered in the area of oil production. The comparison of toxicity of the samples from different types of areas has indicated that 100% of samples from the oil production area, 94% of samples from the agricultural area, and 50% of samples from the forest area were toxic to at least one test organism.

Keywords: sediments, toxicity assessment, Chlorella vulgaris, Paramecium caudatum, Daphnia magna, Heterocypris incongruens, heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, Middle Volga region

Acknowledgements. We would like to thank Dr. Christopher G. Ingersoll for his help in analysis of the data and interpretation of the results, Marcia K. Nelson for assisting us in preparing drafts of the English versions.

The work was performed as part of the state program for increasing the competitiveness of Kazan Federal University among the world's leading centers of sciences and education.

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For citation: Stepanova N.Yu., Latypova T.R., Novikova L.V. Comparison of toxicity of sediments from rivers with different levels of anthropogenic load (Middle Volga region, Russia) based on elutriate and whole sediment tests. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2016, vol. 158, no. 3, pp. 416–439.


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