Comparison of the soil classifications of 1977 and 2004 for field identification of soils (based on the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park)

V.I. Kulagina^a*, B.R. Grigoryan , S.S. Ryazanov^a**, I.A. Sahabiev^b***

^aInstitute for Problems of Ecology and Mineral Wealth Use, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420087 Russia

^bKazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

E-mail: ^*viksoil@mail.ru, ^**erydit@yandex.ru, ^***ilnassoil@yandex.ru

Received May 4, 2017

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Abstract

Two soil classifications (of 1977 and 2004) have been compared with regard to their applicability for field identification of soils.

The above comparison has been made based on the data on the current soil profiles obtained in 2016 during the mid-scale soil mapping of the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park. Automorphic and alluvial soils have been selected for the study. The soil profiles under investigation are complicated by a nearby bedding of another rock, as well as by the presence of buried horizons and transitional physical and chemical properties.

The paper provides a number of examples of differences between the classifications: in soil horizons indexation, nomenclature, and general principles used for allocation of soil taxonomic units.

It has been shown that the classification of 1977 is difficult to use under filed conditions because of the lack of a systematized list of diagnostic horizons and the weak elaboration of criteria for identification of soil genera. The classification of 2004 is complicated due to the high number of soil horizons, different criteria for identification and isolation of soil horizons, and complexity of soil nomenclature. A common drawback of both classifications is that it is impossible to clearly identify most alluvial soils, even at such high taxonomic level as type, immediately during field research.

Based on the results of the study, it has been concluded that the classification of 2004 is more applicable for specific scientific research, while the classification of 1977 is more convenient for practical purposes.

Keywords: soils, soil classification, soil diagnostics, horizon indexes, soils of national park, Nizhnyaya Kama

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. The geographical location of the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park and the plots where soil sections were laid.

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For citation: Kulagina V.I., Grigoryan B.R., Ryazanov S.S., Sahabiev I.A. Comparison of the soil classifications of 1977 and 2004 for field identification of soils (based on the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park). Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2018, vol. 160, no. 1, pp. 78–92. (In Russian)

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