The Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire: The historiography of relations in the modern Russian science

D.A. Mustafina^a*, I.A. Mustakimov^b**

^a Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

^b State Committee for Archival Affairs of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, 420107 Russia

E-mail: ^*maktub29@yandex.ru, ^**imus@rambler.ru

Received April 22, 2017

Full text PDF

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the discussions held by Russian researchers about the relations of the Crimean Khanate with the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 16th century. Military, political, and diplomatic contacts between these regions are of interest due to the absence of specialized works on this problem. Based on the available data, the conclusion has been made that the international relations in Eastern Europe during the studied period had a complex nature, which was mainly due to the development of the bases of the European political system. A great interest in the degree of independence of the Crimean policy towards the Ottoman Empire in Russian historiography is also worth mentioning. Obviously, the understanding of the problem depends on the selective approach which relies heavily on the character of the source base and on the limitations of the study by the specific territorial and political systems. Therefore, we can claim that Crimean-Ottoman affairs should be considered as an element of the most interwoven international relations in the second half of the 16th century. It is also very   important to use not only well-known source material during investigation, but also documentary evidence from the archives.

Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Crimean Khanate, historiography of Crimean-Ottoman relations, policy of Crimean khans, Devlet I Giray

References

1. Smirnov V.D. Krymskoe khanstvo pod verkhovenstvom Ottomanskoi Porty do nachala XVIII veka [The Crimean Khanate under the Rule of the Ottoman Empire until the Early 18th Century]. St. Petersburg, Univ. Tip. Kazan., 1887. 772 p. (In Russian)
2. Nepomnyashchii A.A. Initial stage of the analysis of the Crimean Khanate sources: V.D. Smirnov. Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie, 2015, no. 3, pp. 113–142. (In Russian)
3. Khoroshkevich A.L. Rus and Crimea after the end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke: Dynamics of tributary relations. Otechestvennaya Istoriya, 1999, no. 2, pp. 69–79. (In Russian)
4. Khoroshkevich A.L. Rossiya v sisteme mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii serediny XVI veka [Russia in the System of International Relations during the Middle of the 16th Century]. Moscow, Drevlekhranilishche, 2003. 621 p. (In Russian)
5. Khoroshkevich A.L. Russkoe gosudarstvo v sisteme mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii kontsa XV – nachala XVI v. [Russian State in the System of International Relations during the Late 15th – Early 16th Centuries]. Moscow, Nauka, 1980. 293 p. (In Russian)
6. Zimin A.A., Khoroshkevich A.L. Rossiya vremeni Ivana Groznogo [Russia in Ivan the Terrible's Times]. Moscow, Nauka, 1982. 184 p. (In Russian)
7. Rakhimzyanov B.R. Moskva i tatarskii mir: sotrudnichestvo i protivostoyanie v epokhu peremen, XV – XVI vv. [Moscow and Tatar World: Collaboration and Confrontation in the Age of Change, 15th – 16th Centuries]. St. Petersburg, Evraziya, 2016. 396 p. (In Russian)
8. Trepavlov V.V. Stepnye imperii Evrazii: mongoly i tatary [Steppe Empires of Eurasia: Mongols and Tatars]. Moscow, Kvadriga, 2015. 368 p. (In Russian)
9. Trepavlov V.V. “Orda samovol'naya” kochevaya imperiya nogaev XV – XVII vv. [The “Willful Horde”: Normadic Empire of the Nogais in the 15th – 17th Centuries]. Moscow, Kvadriga, 2016. 224 p. (In Russian)
10. Syroechkovskii V.E. Ways and conditions for the relations of Moscow with the Crimea at the turn of the 16th century. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya 7, 1932, no. 3, pp. 193–237. (In Russian)
11. Kuznetsov A.B. Russia and the policy of the Crimea in Eastern Europe during the first third of the 16th century. In: Rossiya, Pol'sha i Prichernomor'e v XV – XVIII vv. [Russia, Poland, and Eastern Europe in the 15th – 18th Centuries]. Moscow, Nauka, 1979, pp. 62–70. (In Russian)
12. Kuznetsov A.B. Diplomaticheskaya bor'ba Rossii za bezopasnost' svoikh yuzhnykh granits (pervaya polovina XVI v.) [Diplomatic Struggle of Russia for the Safety of Its Southern Boundaries (First half of the 16th Century)]. Minsk, Universitetskoe, 1986. 135 p. (In Russian)
13. Florya B.N. Russko-pol'skie otnosheniya i politicheskoe razvitie Vostochnoi Evropy vo vtoroi polvine XVI – nachale XVII v. [Russian-Polish Relations and Political Development of Eastern Europe in the First Half of the 16th – Early 17th Centuries]. Moscow, Nauka, 1978. 298 p. (In Russian)
14. Florya B.N. Anti-Turkish coalition project in the middle of the 16th century. In: Rossiya, Pol'sha i Prichernomor'e v XV – XVIII vv. [Russia, Poland, and Eastern Europe in the 15th – 18th Centuries]. Moscow, Nauka, 1979, pp. 71–86. (In Russian)
15. Kidyrniyazov D.S. The Nogais in the affairs of Russia with the Ottoman Empire and Crimea during the 1520s. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya v basseine Chernogo morya v drevnosti i srednie veka: Tez. dokl. VII Mezhdunar. konf. (Rostov-na-Donu, 17–21 maya 1994 g.) [Foreign Affairs in the Basin of the Black Sea during the Ancient Times and Middle Ages: Proc. VII Int. Conf. (Rostov-on-Don, May 17–21, 1994)]. Rostov-on-Don, Izd. Rostov. Gos. Pedagog. Univ., 1994, pp. 107–109. (In Russian)
16. Ot tsarstva k imperii. Rossiya v sistemakh mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii. Vtoraya polovina XVI – nachalo XX veka [From Tsardom to Empire, Russia and Systems of Foreign Affairs. Second Half of 16th – Early 20th Centuries]. Rybachenok I.S. (Ed.). Moscow, St. Petersburg, Inst. Ross. Histor. RAN, Tsetr Gumanit. Initsiativ, 2015. 440 p. (In Russian)
17. Vinogradov A.V. Crimean khans in 16th century. Rossiiskaya Istoriya, 1999, no. 2, pp. 58–69. (In Russian)
18. Vinogradov A.V. A.F. Nagoi's embassy in the Crimea in 1563–1573. Rossiiskaya diplomatiya: istoriya i sovremennost': Materialy nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyashch. 450-letiyu sozdaniya Posol'skogo prikaza [Russian Diplomacy and Modern Times: Proc. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Dedicated to the 450th Anniversary of the Creation of the Diplomatic Chancellery]. Moscow, Polit. Entsykl., 2001, pp. 65–75. (In Russian)
19. Vinogradov A.V. Sulesha family in the foreign policy of the Crimean Khanate in the second half of the 16th century. In: Tyurkologicheskii sbornik 2005: tyurkskie narody Rossii i Velikoi stepi [Turkological Collection of Papers 2005: Turkic People of Russia and Great Steppe]. Moscow, Vost. Lit., 2006, pp. 26–73. (In Russian)
20. Gertsen A.G., Khrapunov I.N. [Book Review: Vozgrin V.E. Historical Fates of Crimean Tatars. Moscow, Mysl', 1992. 447 p.]. Rossiiskaya Arkheologiya, 1994, no. 1, pp. 219–225. (In Russian)
21. Borisenko V.N. [Book Review: Vozgrim V.E. History of Crimean Tatars: Essays on Ethnic History of Crimean Natives in Four Volumes. St. Petersburg, Nestor-Ist., 2013]. Peterburgskii Istoricheskii Zhurnal, 2014, no. 1, pp. 258–261. (In Russian)
22. Khoroshkevich A.L. Battle of Kulikovo and national identity development of Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians. Dmitrii Donskoi i epokha vozrozhdeniya Rusi: Sobytiya, pamyatniki, traditsii: Tr. yubil. nauch. konf. “Dmitrii Donskoi – gosudarstvennyi deyatel', polkovodets, svyatoi” (Tula – Kulikovo pole, 12–14 okt. 2000 g.) [Dmitry Donskoy and Russian Renaissance: Events, Monuments, Traditions. Proc. Jubilee Sci. Conf. “Dmitry Donskoy – Public Leader, Commander, and Saint” (Tula – Kulikovo Field, Oct. 12–14, 2000)]. Tula, Tul. Poligrafist, 2001, pp. 63–78. (In Russian)
23. Pokhlebkin V.V. Vneshnyaya politika Rusi, Rossii i SSSR za 1000 let v imenakh, datakh i faktakh: Spravochnik [Foreign Policy of Rus, Russia, and Soviet Union over 1000 Years in Names, Dates, and Facts]. Vol. 1: Foreign-Policy Establishments and Their Heads. Moscow, Mezhdunar. Otnosheniya, 1992. 286 p. (In Russian)
24. Istoriya vneshnei politiki Rossii. Konets XV – XVII vek: (Ot sverzheniya ordynskogo iga do Severnoi voiny) [History of Russian Foreign Policy. Late 15th – 17th Centuries: from the End of Tatar-Mongol Yoke to the Great Northern War]. Moscow, Mezhdunar. Otnosheniya, 1999. 448 p. (In Russian)
25. Shvab M.M. Russian-Crimean relations during the 1550s in the studies of Soviet historians. Vestnik Tyumenskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 2008, no. 2, pp. 411–415. (In Russian)
26. Shvab M.M. Crimean-Turkish aggression against Russia (1569–1572) in the studies of Soviet historians. Vestnik Tyumenskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 2009, no. 1, pp. 40–45. (In Russian)

For citation: Mustafina D.A., Mustakimov I.A. The Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire: The historiography of relations in the modern Russian science. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2017, vol. 159, no. 6, pp. 1455–1471. (In Russian)

The content is available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.