Interethnic relations between Belarusians and Poles under the conditions of the new state identity development in 1921–1939

N.A. Markelov

Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia

E-mail: nick@balkan.ru

Received June 5, 2017

Full text PDF

Abstract

The paper is focused on the specifics of interethnic interaction of Belarusian and Polish communities in Western Belarus during 1921–1939. The subject of the analysis is the specific character of the state identity development under the conditions of the frontier region and its influence on the coresidence of the two main ethnic groups representing different cultural\civilizational areas (“the Russian World” – Belarusians and “the West” – Poles). The sources of the paper are the publications of the National   Archive of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the works of modern Belarusian, Russian, and Polish scholars. The theoretical basis of the research is formed by the works of Russian academic authors, who developed the theory of frontier applicable to the Eastern European cases. The contradictions between Polish jurisdiction that neglected the basic national rights of minorities (the paper demonstrates its manifestations in education, religious life, and policy pursued by the authorities against any nation-identifying non-Polish cultural activities) and natural pro-Russian orientation of the Belarusian population (especially of the Orthodoxy adherents) led not only to the ethnic conflict, but to the appearance of a stronger regional identity, which was not subjected to the direct persecution. The above-described processes resulted in the failure of II Polish Republic's forced polonization programs. The importance of the phenomenon of substitution of national identity by a regional one was proved by latter historical events. The omission of this fact in both USSR's and after-war Poland's government strategies concerning the region complicated the integration of Western Belarus into the Soviet state (in the BSSR), extended the period of instability after the World War II (in the whole region), consolidated the profound and hidden unfriendliness between the neighboring Slavic nations – Poles and Belarusian (in the part of the region controlled by Poland).

Keywords: Belarus, Poland, identity, interethnical relations, frontier, culture dialogue

References

1. Kolosov V.A. Theoretical limology: New approaches. Mezhdunarodnye Protsessy, 2003, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 44–59. (In Russian)
2. America's Frontier Story. A Documentary History of Westward Expansion. Ridge M., Billington R.A. (Eds.). New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969. 657 р.
3. Baeva L.V. The typology and problems of studying the Southern Russian frontier. Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya 7: Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya i Sotsial'nye Tekhnologii, 2014, no. 2, pp. 32–38. (In Russian)
4. Basalaeva I.P. Criteria for frontier: Statement of the problem. Teoriya i Praktika Obshchestvennogo Razvitiya, 2012, no. 2, pp. 46–49. (In Russian)
5. Zamyatina N.Yu. Exploration area (frontier) and its image in American and Russian cultures.   Obshchestvennye Nauki i Sovremennost', 1998, no. 5, pp. 75–89. (In Russian)
6. Zaets S.V., Kaczyński A. Poland's view of relations with Russia. Vestnik Evrazii, 2008, no. 1, pp. 75–111. (In Russian)
7. Brubaker R. Nationalism Reframed. Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996. 216 p. (In Russian)
8. Shirokorad A.B. Poland. Irreconcilable Neighborhood. Moscow, Veche, 2011. 448 p. (In Russian)
9. Tomaszewski J. Miedzy Polska etniczna a historyczna. Polska mysl polityczna XIX i XX wieku. Kresy Wschodnie w polskiej mysli politycznej XIX i XX w. T. 6. Warszawa, Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich, 1988, pp. S. 101–150. (In Polish)
10. Postnikov N.D. Ethnocentrism as a historical imperative of Poland in the relations with eastern neighbors. Vestnik Assotsiatsii Vuzov Turizma i Servisa, 2009, no. 3, pp. 16–25. (In Russian)
11. Gushchin A.V. Poland and protection of national minorities under the international and domestic law of 1919–1934. Cand. Hist. Sci. Diss. Moscow, 2003. 187 p. (In Russian)
12. Vabishchevich A.N. Poland – Belarus (1921–1953). Minsk, Belarus. Navuka, 2012. 422 p. (In Russian)
13. Sokol'tsov D.M. Russian Teacher in Immigration. Pol'sha [Poland]. Prague, 1926, pp. 150–157. (In Russian)
14. Mikulenok A.A. The problem of Russian national school in Poland during the 1920s. Teoriya i Praktika Obshchestvennogo Razvitiya, 2015, no. 15, pp. 105–109. (In Russian)
15. Mikulenok A.A. Regulation of the legal status of Russian immigrants in Poland during the 1920s. Istoricheskaya i Sotsial'no-Obrazovatel'naya Mysl', 2015, nos. 6–2, pp. 64–69. (In Russian)
16. Fedyukina E.V. Orthodox tradition in Poland: History and modern times. Vestnik Slavyanskikh Kul'tur, 2016, no. 2, pp. 79–93. (In Russian)
17. Petrov I.V. The history of interwar Polish parishes in the testimony of the Lithuanian Orthodox priest Eugene Nasekaylo. Trudy Istoricheskogo Fakul'teta Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta, 2013, no. 14, pp. 189–202. (In Russian)
18. Nalench D., Nalench T. Józef Piłsudski. Legends and Facts. Moscow, Izd. Polit. Lit., 1990. 400 p. (In Russian)
19. Darkovich A.L. Municipal government in the western Belarusian lands of the interwar Poland: 1919–1939. Cand. Hist. Sci. Diss. Moscow, 2016. 310 p. (In Russian)
20. Mikulenok A.A. The status of Russian-speaking population in Kresy during the 1920s–1930s.  Obshchestvo: Filosofiya, Istoriya, Kul'tura, 2015, no. 6, pp. 112–114. (In Russian)
21. Kim I.K. The “sanitation” authorities in the parliament elections of 1935 in Poland. Slavyanovedenie, 2011, no. 5, pp. 3–13. (In Russian)
22. Kaganskii V.L. Cultural Landscape and Soviet Residential Space. Moscow, Nov. Lit. Obozrenie, 2001. 576 p. (In Russian)
23. Sil'vanovich S.A. Polish population in the north-eastern (western Belarusian) lands of II Rzeczpospolita during the interwar period. Gumanitarnye Nauchnye Issledovaniya, 2014, no. 11. Available at: http://human.snauka.ru/2014/11/8044. (In Russian)

For citation: Markelov N.A. Interethnic relations between Belarusians and Poles under the conditions of the new state identity development in 1921–1939. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2017, vol. 159, no. 4, pp. 1019–1027. (In Russian)

The content is available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.