Evaluation of the antioxidant properties and GC-MSD analysis of commercial essential oils from plants of the Lamiaceae family
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Evaluation of the antioxidant properties and GC-MSD analysis of commercial essential oils from plants of the Lamiaceae family

A.D. Kalmykovaa*, E.N. Yakupovaa,b**, F.A. Bekmuratovab***, I.M. Fitsevb****, G.K. Ziyatdinovaa*****

aKazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

bFederal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety, Kazan, 420075 Russia

E-mail: *alena.kalmykova.pnb.2000@mail.ru, **elviraeakupova96@mail.ru,

 ***pantera08@yandex.ru, ****fitzev@mail.ru, *****Ziyatdinovag@mail.ru

Received January 25, 2023; Accepted February 2, 2023

 

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2023.1.94-117

For citation: Kalmykova A.D., Yakupova E.N., Bekmuratova F.A., Fitsev I.M.,  Ziyatdi­nova G.K. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties and GC-MSD analysis of commercial essential oils from plants of the Lamiaceae family. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2023, vol. 165, no. 1, pp. 94–117. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2023.1.94-117.

 

Abstract

Plants of the Lamiaceae family have been used for thousands of years in cooking, as well as phyto- and aromatherapy. Their essential oils are characterized by high antioxidant and other types of biological activities. In our study, the phytochemical profile and quantification of the essential oil components of thyme, marjoram, and sage were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection (GC-MSD). The antioxidant properties of the samples were evaluated using total antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing power (FRP), antioxidant activity (AOA) towards 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), and total phenolics by Folin–Ciocalteu method). The obtained FRP was 46–321-fold lower than TAC, which is consistent with the contents of phenolics identified in the samples. Terpenes, isopropylmethylphenols, and eugenol turned out to be the major components of all essential oils and determined their TAC and AOA. The Folin–Ciocalteu method was applicable to the thyme essential oil only. Its FRP, which is based on the reaction of phenolic antioxidants with electrogenerated ferricyanide ions, agreed well with the total phenolic contents (329 ± 17 and 334 ± 15 mg of carvacrol per mL, respectively). The thyme essential oil had the highest antioxidant parameters, while sage showed the weakest antioxidant properties. Positive correlations (r = 0.8846–0.9964) of the antioxidant parameters were obtained.

Keywords: essential oils, total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, total phenolics, coulometric titration, phytochemical profile, marjoram, thyme, sage

Acknowledgments. This study was supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program (PRIORITY-2030).

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. Chromatogram of the marjoram essential oil.

Fig. 2. Chromatograms of the thyme essential oil.

Fig. 3. Chromatograms of the sage essential oil

Fig. 4. Total antioxidant parameters of the marjoram (samples 1 and 2), thyme (sample 3), and sage (sample 4) essential oils based on the coulometric titration data: (a) TAC, (b) FRP.

Fig. 5. AOA towards DPPH• of the marjoram (samples 1 and 2), thyme (sample 3), and sage (sample 4) essential oils.

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