Ichnofossils of the Permian-Triassic sediments in the Southern Verkhoyansk Region (Tiryakh-Kobyume section, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia)
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Ichnofossils of the Permian-Triassic sediments in the Southern Verkhoyansk Region (Tiryakh-Kobyume section, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia)

D.N. Miftakhutdinova a*, R.V. Kutygin b**

aKazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

bDiamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch,

Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, 677000 Russia

E-mail: *dinara.miftakhutdinova@gmail.com, **rkutygin@mail.ru

Received June 24, 2021

 

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2021.3.351-370

For citation: Miftakhutdinova D.N., Kutygin R.V. Ichnofossils of the Permian-Triassic sediments in the Southern Verkhoyansk Region (Tiryakh-Kobyume section, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia). Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2021, vol. 163, no. 3, pp. 351–370. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2021.3.351-370. (In Russian)

Abstract

The paper presents the first detailed evidence for the Permian and Early Triassic ichnofossils of the Southern Verkhoyansk Region. The possibility of using ichnofossils for reconstruction of terrigenous sedimentation at high latitudes, including environments related to the events of the great Permian mass extinction, was discussed. The results obtained are based on ichnofacial and ichnotextural analyses of about 600 samples collected in 2019 from the Tiryakh-Kobyuma section. We found that the Permian and Triassic sediments of the studied section contain numerous icnofossils attributed to 11 ichnogenera. Four ichnoassemblages were identified. They were referred to two ichnofacies – Zoophycos and Skolithos. The Zoophycos ichnofacies includes two ichnoassemblages: Helmintopsis – Phycosiphon – Zoophycos and the depleted Helmintopsis – Phycosiphon ichnoassemblages. This ichnofacies is confined to well-sorted substrates formed in calm temperately deep-water shelf environments, below the level of storm waves, with reduced oxygen content. The Skolithos ichnofacies includes two ichnoassemblages: Arenicolites – Skolithos and Diplocraterion – Arenicolites. It is characteristic of coastal environments with active hydrodynamics and large inputs of clastic and organic matter. The ichnofacies alternate across the section, reflecting sedimentological changing during the accumulation. The sediments of the lower part of the Nekuchan Formation, corresponding to the Permian mass extinction event, accumulated in calm conditions of a relatively deep shelf. This interval is characterized by the Zoophycos ichnofacies with a depleted Helmintopsis – Phycosiphon ichnoassemblage. The depletion of ichnoassemblage and absence of benthic fossils in this part of the section may be caused by anoxic conditions at the basin bottom. The reconstruction of the Permian and Early Triassic environments agrees well with the results of previous studies based on sedimentological and biofacies data.

Keywords: Permian-Triassic boundary, terminal Permian, Induan Stage, ichnofossils, Southern Verkhoyansk Region

Acknowledgements. The work was supported by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University for state assignment no. 671-2020-0049 in the sphere of scientific activities. Stratigraphic study was performed as part of the state assignment to Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (project no. 0381-2019-0002).

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. Location of the Tiryakh-Kobyume section: a) overview map; b) location of the studied section; 1 – location of the Tiryakh-Kobyume section, 2 – boundaries of the Verkhoyansk fold-thrust belt.

Fig. 2. Geological map of the Tiryakh-Kobyume section. Formations: 1 – Kobyume (Roadian and Wordian Stages), 2 – Tiryakh (Capitanian Stage), 3 – Lugovaya (Capitanian Stage), 4 – Privol’nyj (Wuchiapin­gian and Changhsingian Stages), 5 – Nekuchan (Changhsingian and Induan Stages), 6 – Olenekian Stage, 7 – Anisian Stage, 8 – Ladinian Stage, 9 – Upper Triassic, 10 – Lower Jurassic, 11 – Middle Jurassic, 12 – Quaternary sediments, 13 – tectonic faults, 14 – Tiryakh-Kobume section.

Fig. 3. Ichnofossils distribution and bioturbation in the Tiryakh-Kobyume section: 1 – coarse-grained sandstones; 2 – fine-grained sandstones; 3 – coarse-grained siltstones; 4 – fine-grained siltstones; 5 – mudstones; 6 – carbonate-argillaceous and carbonaceous-siliceous concretions; 7 – diamictites; 8 – glendonites; 9 – ammonoids; 10 – bivalves; 11 – gastropods; 12 – conchostracans; 13 – crinoids; 14 – corals; 15 – brachiopods; 16 – ichnofossils; Nk – Nekuchan Formation; f/g – fine-grained; m/g – medium-grained; c/g – coarse-grained.

Fig. 4. Ichnofossils of the Tiryakh-Kobyume section: a) Siltstone with Arenicolites isp. exit traces, sample PM 324, bed 33, Privol’nyj Fm; b) sandstone with Diplocraterion parallelum, sample PM 308, bed 37, Nekuchan Fm; c) siltstone with Nereites isp., sample PM 88, bed 85, Lugovaya Fm; d) siltstone bedding surface with Skolithos isp. exit traces, sample PM 323, bed 33, Privol’nyj Fm; e) siltstone with horizontal Palaeophycus isp. burrows, sample PM 214, bed 10, Privol’nyj Fm; f) Zoophycos isp. cone-shaped burrows, sample PM 90, bed 85, Lugovaya Fm.

Fig. 5. Ichnofossils in the polished slabs: a) cross-section of siltstone with Chondrites isp. burrows, sample GKh 141, bed 74, Tiryakh Fm; b) cross-section of siltstone with Cosmorhaphe isp. burrows, sample GKh 348, bed 34, Nekuchan Fm; c) cross-section of the siltstone with Helminthopsis isp. burrows, sample GKh 348, bed 34, Nekuchan Fm; d) cross-section of siltstone with Phycosiphon incertum traces, sample GKh 238, bed 23, Privol’nyj Fm.

Fig. 6. Fragment of the Helminthorhaphe burrow in siltstone (a) and its reconstruction (b). Gray fill – full relief, dotted line – negative epirelief. Sample PM 24, bed 24A, Tiryakh Fm.

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