Sources of the terrigenous and volcanic ash material in the Middle Volgian deposits of the Eastern Russian Platform

K.I. Nikashin^*, S.O. Zorina^**

Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

E-mail: ^*kostya97@inbox.ru, ^**svzorina@yandex.ru

Received June 27, 2021

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2021.3.500-513

For citation: Nikashin K.I., Zorina S.O. Sources of the terrigenous and volcanic ash material in the Middle Volgian deposits of the Eastern Russian Platform. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2021, vol. 163, no. 3, pp. 500–513. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2021.3.500-513. (In Russian)

Abstract

The current research aims to reconstruct sources of the rocks and pyroclastic input in the epeiric sea of the Eastern Russian Platform in the Latest Jurassic. Nine samples of the Volgian mudrocks, black shales, and sandstones from the Tatar Shatrashany borehole section and Gorodischi outcrop were investigated using the mineralogical, ICP-MS, XRD, electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analyses. Accessory minerals of various mineral associations identified in sandstones indicate the input of terrigenous material from different sources. The Paleozoic deposits of the Volga-Ural and Voronezh Uplifts, igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Voronezh Crystalline Massive (including Pavlovsk granite complex), Ural Folding Region, and Baltic Shield were found to be the most likely sources. The morphology of zircons revealed their association with felsic alkaline rocks. Volcanic glasses and “camouflaged” pyroclastic material (heulandite, smectite, and mixed-layer mineral) were identified in mudrocks and black shales. The proportion of both smectite and mixed-layer mineral varies from 20% to 27% throughout the section, whereas the amount of heulandite reaches 25% in the Promzino black shales. The Raman spectroscopy analysis showed the intermediate-acid composition of volcanic glasses from the Promzino Formation. According to the results obtained in the study, volcanic arcs of the north margin of the Tethys and the High Arctic Large Igneous Province are the major sources of the pyroclastic material.

Keywords: Middle Volgian Substage, provenance analysis, camouflaged pyroclastic, zircon, Ulyanovsk-Saratov through, Voronezh crystalline massive, island arcs

Acknowledgments. This study was supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program, by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University as part of state assignment no. 671-2020-0049 in the sphere of scientific activities, by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under contract no. 14.Y26.31.0029 in keeping with the RF Government Regulation no. 220. The paper is a contribution to the UNESCO-IUGS International Geoscience Program (IGCP project 739).

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. Lithostratigraphy of the Middle Volgian deposits of the Gorodischi outcrop and Tatar Shatrashany borehole section with the sampling scheme.

Fig. 2. Accessory minerals of the Middle Volgian deposits. Key: Ru – rutile, Tur – tourmaline, Ap – apatite, Ky – kyanite.

Fig. 3. Results of the mineralogical analysis.

Fig. 4. Morphology of zircon crystals according to [7].

Fig. 5. Map of the terrigenous material sources (modified from [9, 11]).

Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized [12] concentrations of rare-earth elements in the Promzino Formation and in the Pavlovsk granite complex [10].

Fig. 7. a – results of the XRD-analysis (sm – smectite, i/sm – illite-smectite, hey – heulandite, q – quartz, al – albite, mk – microcline, cal – calcite); b – SEM-image showing smectite matrix; c – volcanic glass fragment; d –Raman spectrum of the volcanic glass particle ([4] with additions).

Fig. 8. Pyroclastic provenances on the Eastern Russian Platform in the Middle Volgian (modified from [19]).

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