Bacterial and fungal community shifts during self-restoration of oil-polluted soils
L.R. Biktasheva*, A.A. Saveliev**, S.Y. Selivanovskaya***, P.Y. Galitskaya****
Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
E-mail: *biktasheval@mail.ru, **Anatoly.Saveliev.aka.saa@gmail.com, ***svetlana.selivanovskaya@kpfu.ru, ****gpolina33@yandex.ru
Received May 20, 2020
DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.3.393-412
For citation: Biktasheva L.R., Saveliev A.A., Selivanovskaya S.Y., Galitskaya P.Y. Bacterial and fungal community shifts during self-restoration of oil-polluted soils. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2020, vol. 162, no. 3, pp. 393–412. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.3.393-412. (In Russian)
Abstract
Oil pollution is a serious environmental problem, despite the capacity of soils to self-restoration. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial and fungal communities of six samples of natural soils that are in the process of self-restoration after an oil spill and their uncontaminated analogues. The content of hydrocarbons in the soils varied from 3% to 14%, with the dominance of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions in all samples (more than 50% in total amount). The Illumina MiSeq method revealed that the Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes types of bacteria prevailed in the uncontaminated soils. In the polluted soils, there was a pronounced dominance of bacteria of the Actinobacteria type (38–66%), mainly due to a sharp increase in the relative abundance of bacteria of the Nocardiaceae family (7–32%) known for their hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity. In four samples of uncontaminated soils, the Ascomycota type of fungi dominated; in the two other samples, most fungi belonged to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota types. The structure of the fungal communities differed between the polluted and uncontaminated soils; however, the analysis of these differences showed no general patterns. The differences observed in the response of the bacterial and fungal communities to oil pollution are most likely to be associated with different metabolic capacities for hydrocarbons in bacteria and fungi.
Keywords: oil-polluted soils, microbial community, hydrocarbon-oxidizing species
Acknowledgments. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 17-74-20183).
Figure Captions
Fig. 1. Abundance of bacteria (a) and fungi (b). Mean values and standard error (SE) are shown.
Fig. 2. Bacterial community structure at the level of types.
Fig. 3. Fungal community structure at the level of types.
Fig. 4. β-diversity of the bacterial (a) and fungal (b) communities analyzed by the NMDS method.
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