Composition and spectroscopy of olivine xenocrysts from the Hawaiian tholeiitic basalts

A.B. Makeyev ^a*, V.P. Lutoev ^b**, I.P. Vtorov ^c***, N.I. Braynchaninova ^c****, A.R. Makavetskas ^d*****

^aInstitute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119017 Russia

^bInstitute of Geology of the Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia

^cGeological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119017 Russia

^dNational University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Moscow, 119049 Russia

E-mail: ^*abmakeev@mail.ru, ^**vlutoev@geo.komisc.ru, ^***vip@ginras.ru, ^****ni@ginras.ru, ^*****algis_m@mail.ru

Received February 4, 2020

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DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.2.253-273

For citation: Makeyev A.B., Lutoev V.P., Vtorov I.P., Braynchaninova N.I., Makavetskas A.R. Composition and spectroscopy of olivine xenocrysts from the Hawaiian tholeiitic basalts. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2020, vol. 162, no. 2, pp. 253–273. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.2.253-273. (In Russian)

Abstract

Tholeiitic basalts of the Hawaiian Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes (USA) contain olivine xenocrysts with chromespinelide inclusions. Their chemical composition and spectroscopic properties were investigated and compared with olivine of another ultrabasite type. Two olivine varieties with the iron content of 10–12 and 18–21.5 mol% Fa were detected. The composition of chromespinelide corresponds to the following two varieties: subferrialumochromite and subferrisubalumochromite. Mössbauer spectroscopy and EPR of the olivine showed only minor traces of iron oxidation. The composition of chromespinelide is testimony to its high-temperature metamorphism. The typomorphic features of the studied minerals (from the mantle) are close to those of the lherzolite-harzburgite complex of rocks of the Urals alpinotype ultrabasites.

Keywords: Hawaii, volcanoes, Mauna Loa, Kīlauea, tholeiitic basalts, olivine xenocrysts, chromespinelides, Mössbauer spectroscopy, EPR

Acknowledgments. The study was supported by the budget funding on the following topics: IGEM RAS – 0136-2018-0020; GIN RAS – 0135-2015-0038; IG FRC Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – project no. AAAA-A17-117121270036-7.

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. Scheme of sample collection on the island of Hawaii (a) and a typical clinker sample (b) with olivine inclusions (sample diameter 30 cm): 1 – lava on the top of Mauna Loa volcano; 2 – Kīlauea volcano, lava eruption of Kīlauea Iki; 3 – a beach with green olivine sand near Mount Mahana, the southern slope of Mauna Loa volcano.

Fig. 2. Xenocrysts of the Hawaiian olivine: a – with a red plaque from the clinker on the top of Mauna Loa volcano; b – olivine grains in a shirt made of foamy basalt glass (pumice), collected near the Kīlauea Iki crater.

Fig. 3. The washed-up crater of Mahan’s slag cone (a), inside is the beach – a collection site of green olivine sand, olivine sand and fine gravel (b) from basalt faults.

Fig. 4. Images of xenocrystals of the Hawaiian olivines under the binocular: a – the largest allocation of olivine in the clinker of Mauna Loa volcano (12 mm); b – two grains of olivine from the clinker of Kīlauea volcano; c – square olivine grains in the basalt of the Kīlauea-Iki section: d – the same increased olivine grains with chromespinelide (black): e – olivine grains from basalts of Mauna Loa volcano; g – olivine grain from volcanic lavas, Kīlauea-Iki section; h – fine-grained olivine selected from a sandy beach with green olivine.

Fig. 5. Electron microscopic (EM) images in BSE of olivine xenolithic fragments in basalt with the location of points (red) of microprobe analyzes: a – olivine grain cleavage from basalts of Mauna Loa volcano; b – chipped olivine grains from basalts of Kīlauea volcano; c – polished preparation of basalt from Mauna Loa volcano with olivine (Olv) and chrome spinelide (white) in olivine.

Fig. 6. Electron microscopic (SE) images of inclusions of octahedral and cubooctahedral crystals of chromespinelide in olivine xenocrystals of the Hawaiian basalts of Mauna Loa volcano.

Fig. 7. Nomenclature triangular diagram with figurative points of the composition of chromespinelides: 1 – chromespinelides from lherzolites of the Syum-Keu massif (Polar Urals, Russia), 2 – inclusions in chromespinelides in olivines from Mauno Loa volcano; 3 – from Kīlauea volcano; 4 – in fine-grained olivine from their beach placer.

Fig. 8. IR absorption spectra of olivine and basalt. The GB-ML/Ol spectrum was obtained in the post-registration procedure by removing olivine absorption bands from the spectrum of the GB-ML sample.

Fig. 9. EPR spectra: a – olivine Ol-D single crystal in the orientation of the polarizing magnetic field along the c axis (microwave power – 35 mW, RF modulation amplitude 0.25 mT); b – powder preparations of olivine grains and host rocks (microwave power – 70 mW, RF modulation amplitude 0.1 mT, relative amplification factors, 50 mg sample are given on the left). The light lines show the monocrystal (B || c) spectra of Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ expected in the octahedral position of M2, Fe³⁺ in the silicon position of the forsterite structure and the powder spectrum of Mn²⁺ (M2) calculated under the assumption of a Gaussian shape of an individual line with a width of 5 mT and uncorrelated distribution DD/D = DE/E = 0.07. The values of the spin Hamiltonian parameters of these ions in the forsterite lattice from [3, 4, 9] are used.

Fig. 10. Mössbauer spectra of ⁵⁷Fe olivine samples. Using the example of the spectrum of the Ol-ML1 sample, its decomposition into doublet components and the difference between the experimental spectrum and the approximation of the sum of three doublets are shown.

Fig. 11. Components of the Mössbauer spectra of ⁵⁷Fe samples of basalt of Mauna Loa volcano TB-ML (a) and TB-ML1 (б), structure of the doublet part of the spectra of non-olivine tholeiitic basalt TB-ML (в) and glassy pumice GB-ML on olivine (г). Spectral components: Fe²⁺ doublets in pyroxene (Px), ilmenite (Ilm), olivine (Ol), Fe³⁺ in silicates, chromespinelide and glass, titanomagnetite sextet (Fe-Ox).

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