Problems of guilt, culpability, and active repentance in the main criminal legal systems of the modern world (doctrinal and legislative aspects)

I.A. Tarkhanov

Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

E-mail: itarhanov@mail.ru

Received December 4, 2018

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DOI: 10.26907/2541-7738.2019.1.121-140

For citation: Tarkhanov I.A. Problems of guilt, culpability, and active repentance in the main criminal legal systems of the modern world (doctrinal and legislative aspects). Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2019, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 121–140. doi: 10.26907/2541-7738.2019.1.121-140. (In Russian)

Abstract

In this paper, various aspects of guilt and culpability, active repentance have been considered through the prism of implemented norms, the doctrine of law and lawmaking. In particular, criminal law doctrines and legislation of countries that are the most prominent representatives of the continental family, families of common law, and Muslim law have been studied.

The research is based on the fact that the legislation of both many European and Arab countries does not contain a definition of the concept of guilt, indicating only its place in the system of elements of crime. At the same time, the “legal element” of crime is taken into account, which is often considered in science as a prerequisite for liability. The concept of guilt is established in the theory and legislation of various legal families, either within the “moral” (psychological) element based on the estimated theory of guilt (“pre-emption”) or only in the sense of a person's socio-psychological attitude and its consequences.

The paper develops the idea that the confession of guilt, as an indicator of the active repentance of a person in a crime, in religious sources has a different content than in criminal law, which corresponds to the subject of legal regulation.

Keywords: criminal legal systems, guilt, culpability, active repentance, criminal law, punishment, criminal liability

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