Short description of important scientific result: Recommendations have been developed for the implementation of priority directions for the development of structural elements of the grain product subcomplex in countries for the future. An assessment of structural changes and economic efficiency of the grain industry in the Republic of Tatarstan is given. The economic efficiency of the development of the grain processing industry in the regions was carried out. The ways to optimize the economic indicators of the structural elements of the grain product subcomplex at the micro and macro levels are substantiated.