G.F. Sitdikova a, A. Hermann b, A.V. Yakovlev a
a Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
b University of Salzburg, Salzburg, A-5020 Austria
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Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulfhydryl-containing amino acid derived from methionine. The cellular concentration of homocysteine is regulated by two key pathways: remethylation back to methionine or transsulfuration to cysteine with simultaneous production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Homocysteine levels increase in different conditions, including genetic factors, diet, life style or miscellaneous medication. Elevated levels of the homocysteine, called hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), are associated with a higher risk of neurovascular diseases, dementia, developmental impairments or epilepsy. Oxidative stress is one of the common mechanisms of homocysteine-induced disorders. H2S as an established gasotransmitter implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological functions is also well-known for its neuroprotective potential. The recent data indicate that the level of H2S decreases in hHcy conditions, which may mediate homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity. This review summarizes the available data on homocysteine and H2S metabolism and mechanisms of H2S mediating neuroprotection and can be helpful in searching for ways to prevent homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity.
Keywords: homocysteine, hyperhomocysteinemia, cystathionine beta synthase, hydrogen sulfide, oxidative stress, glutamate receptors, Ca2+-activated K+-channels, neurodegeneration, cognitive dysfunctions
Acknowledgements. This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects no. 18-015-00423 and 18-315-00256).
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Received
June 3, 2018
Sitdikova Guzel Faritovna, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Human and Animal Physiology
Kazan Federal University
ul. Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, 420008 Russia
E-mail: guzel.sitdikova@kpfu.ru
Hermann Anton, Professor ordinarius, Doctor of Science, Department of Biosciences
University of Salzburg
Hellbrunner str. 34, Salzburg, A-5020 Austria
E-mail: anton.hermann@sbg.ac.at
Yakovlev Aleksey Valer’evich, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of Department of Human and Animal Physiology
Kazan Federal University
ul. Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, 420008 Russia
E-mail: alv.yakovlev@gmail.com
For citation: Sitdikova G.F., Hermann A., Yakovlev A.V. Neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2018, vol. 160, no. 4, pp. 686–704.
Для цитирования: Sitdikova G.F., Hermann A., Yakovlev A.V. Neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide // Учен. зап. Казан. ун-та. Сер. Естеств. науки. – 2018. – Т. 160, кн. 4. – С. 686–704.
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