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Инфламмасомы: роль в патогенезе заболеваний и терапевтический потенциал

Е.Е. Гаранина, Е.В. Мартынова, К.Я. Иванов, А.А. Ризванов, С.Ф. Хайбуллина

Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, г. Казань, 420008, Россия

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DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.1.80-111

Для цитирования: Гаранина Е.Е., Мартынова Е.В., Иванов К.Я., Ризванов А.А., Хайбуллина С.Ф. Инфламмасомы: роль в патогенезе заболеваний и терапевтический потенциал // Учен. зап. Казан. ун-та. Сер. Естеств. науки. – 2020. – Т. 162, кн. 1. – С. 80–111. – doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.1.80-111.

For citation: Garanina E.E., Martynova E.V., Ivanov K.Y., Rizvanov A.A., Khaiboullina S.F. Inflammasomes: Role in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2020, vol. 162, no. 1, pp. 80–111. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.1.80-111. (In Russian)

Аннотация

Интенсивное изучение молекулярных механизмов воспаления привело к открытию инфламмасом, являющихся уникальными структурами, которые регулируют функциональную активность эффекторных клеток в очаге воспаления. Инфламмасомы представляют собой цитозольные полипротеиновые комплексы, образующиеся в ответ на различные внешние и внутренние стимулы, включая вирусные и бактериальные инфекции. Ключевыми продуктами инфламмасом являются провоспалительные цитокины: интерлейкин-1-бета (IL-1β) и интерлейкин-18 (IL-18). Оба цитокина образуются путем протеолитического расщепления активной каспазой-1. Активация каспазы-1 приводит к особой форме гибели клетки, называемой пироптозом. Настоящий обзор посвящен структуре и механизму активации инфламмасом, а также их роли в различных патологиях. Кроме того, обсуждаются возможности инфламмасом как терапевтических мишеней при различных заболеваниях.

Ключевые слова: инфламмасомы, каспаза-1, криопирин, NOD-рецепторы, воспаление, цитокины, пироптоз

Благодарности. Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Президента Российской федерации МК-2393.2019.4, также за счет средств субсидии, выделенной в рамках государственной поддержки Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета в целях повышения его конкурентоспособности среди ведущих мировых научно-образовательных центров. Исследование А.А. Ризванова поддержано в рамках госзадания 0671-2020-0058 Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ.

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