KFU. Card publication. Audio Ternary Watermarking

KAZAN
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

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AUDIO TERNARY WATERMARKING

Form of presentation

Articles in international journals and collections

Year of publication

2026

Язык

английский

Authors, employees of KFU

Latypov Rustam Khafizovich, author

Bibliographic description in the original language

R.Kh Latypov and E.L.Stolov, Audio Ternary Watermarking. Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics, 2025, Vol. 46, No. 10, pp. 5437–5450.

Annotation

In this paper, we examine an approach to protecting audio ﬁles using watermarking techniques. It is possible for humans to recognize watermarks even when they are heavily distorted. The process begins with a well-known song or image, which is used to create the watermark. We applied ternary coding to both images and sounds, which produces a more compact watermark. This results in a more secure protection method, as the embedded watermark can endure stronger attacks. We modiﬁed traditional techniques such as echo insertion and amplitude modulation, adapting them to work with ternary symbols and B-splines to embed watermarks into audio ﬁles. Experimental studies were conducted to assess the method's resistance to various attack types. Both scenarios were considered: one where the original ﬁle is required for detection (non-blind watermarking) and one where it is not needed (blind watermarking).

Keywords

audio processing, image processing, B-splines, echo-hiding, digital watermarking

The name of the journal

Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics

Please use this ID to quote from or refer to the card

https://repository.kpfu.ru/eng/?p_id=323698&p_lang=2

Full metadata record

Field DC	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Latypov Rustam Khafizovich	ru_RU
dc.date.accessioned	2026-01-01T00:00:00Z	ru_RU
dc.date.available	2026-01-01T00:00:00Z	ru_RU
dc.date.issued	2026	ru_RU
dc.identifier.citation	R.Kh Latypov and E.L.Stolov, Audio Ternary Watermarking. Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics, 2025, Vol. 46, No. 10, pp. 5437–5450.	ru_RU
dc.identifier.uri	https://repository.kpfu.ru/eng/?p_id=323698&p_lang=2	ru_RU
dc.description.abstract	Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics	ru_RU
dc.description.abstract	In this paper, we examine an approach to protecting audio ﬁles using watermarking techniques. It is possible for humans to recognize watermarks even when they are heavily distorted. The process begins with a well-known song or image, which is used to create the watermark. We applied ternary coding to both images and sounds, which produces a more compact watermark. This results in a more secure protection method, as the embedded watermark can endure stronger attacks. We modiﬁed traditional techniques such as echo insertion and amplitude modulation, adapting them to work with ternary symbols and B-splines to embed watermarks into audio ﬁles. Experimental studies were conducted to assess the method's resistance to various attack types. Both scenarios were considered: one where the original ﬁle is required for detection (non-blind watermarking) and one where it is not needed (blind watermarking).	ru_RU
dc.language.iso	ru	ru_RU
dc.subject	audio processing	ru_RU
dc.subject	image processing	ru_RU
dc.subject	B-splines	ru_RU
dc.subject	echo-hiding	ru_RU
dc.subject	digital watermarking	ru_RU
dc.title	Audio Ternary Watermarking	ru_RU
dc.type	Articles in international journals and collections	ru_RU