Marking the beginning and end of the Tatar word: The system of vowels

A.M. Galieva a*, Zh.E. Vavilova b**

aNextGIS Company, Moscow, 107078 Russia

bKazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan, 420066 Russia

E-mail: *amgalieva@gmail.com, **zhannavavilova@mail.ru

Received June 27, 2022

 

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Full text PDF

DOI: 10.26907/2541-7738.2022.5.130-140

For citation: Galieva A.M., Vavilova Zh.E. Marking the beginning and end of the Tatar word: The system of vowels. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2022, vol. 164, no. 5, pp. 130–140. doi: 10.26907/2541-7738.2022.5.130-140. (In Russian)

Abstract

In natural languages, segmentation of the speech flow is the most important aspect of speech decoding: the meaning of a linguistic whole can be understood only if it is broken down into smaller elements and these are combined according to the grammatical rules of the language. Thus, the marking of speech segments must be determined by the internal structure of the language. A necessary condition for defining the boundaries of such segments is the presence of cognitive mechanisms involved in the processes of decoding sign systems. For a number of reasons, certain difficulties arise when identifying the boundaries of word forms in the Tatar speech. Therefore, statistical studies on the phonological structure of the Turkic word form and on potential ways of marking its boundaries are of great scientific interest. Through studying the vocal structure of the word form with the allocation of vowel phonemes in the initial and final syllables, this article investigates how the beginning and end of Tatar words are marked at the level of vowels. Literary texts were used as the empirical material for this study. With the methods of mathematical statistics, it was demonstrated that the distribution of eight vowels in the first and last syllables has statistically significant differences. At the same time, only the phoneme ‹a›, which is roughly equally represented in the initial and final syllables, has two different (positionally marked) variants: ‹ао› (labialized ‹a›) in the first syllable and the usual ‹a› in all other syllables. This distribution of vowels enables Tatar speakers to correctly define the boundaries of word forms, along with stress and vowel harmony, which alone are not sufficient for a clear and unambiguous definition of the boundaries of word forms. The results obtained suggest that the statistically significant differences revealed in the distribution of vowel phonemes are of great cognitive importance for the perception and discrimination of signs because they mark the beginning and end of lexical units in the speech flow. In the future, the methodology developed in this work can be used for similar studies on other Turkic languages.

Keywords: quantitative linguistics, Tatar language, word form boundaries, vocal structure of word form, chi-square test

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. The number of vowel phonemes in the first and last syllables in A. Eniki’s text.

Fig. 2. Vowel phonemes in the first and last syllables of the word form: mosaic plot.

References

  1. Badecker W., Allen M. Morphological parsing and the perception of lexical identity: A masked priming study of stem homographs. Journal of Memory and Language, 2002, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 125–144. doi: 10.1006/jmla.2001.2838.
  2. Jakobson R., Halle M. Fundamentals of Language. The Hague, Mouton & Co – S.-Gravenhage, 1956. 89 p.
  3. Jakobson R., Waugh L. The Sound Shape of Language. Brighton, Harvester Press, 1979. 308 p.
  4. Chomsky N., Halle M. The Sound Pattern of English. Cambridge, Mass., Harper & Row, 1968. 470 p.
  5. Trubetskoi N.S. Osnovy fonologii [Fundamentals of Phonology]. Katznelson S.D. (Ed.). Moscow, Aspekt Press, 2000. 352 p. (In Russian)
  6. Baichura U.Sh. Vowels of the Tatar language in the light of experimental data. Extended Abstract of Cand. Philol. Diss. Moscow, Leningrad, 1953. 18 p. (In Russian)
  7. Shcherbak A.M. Sravnitel’naya fonetika tyurkskikh yazykov [Comparative Phonetics of Turkic Languages]. Leningrad, Nauka, 1970. 204 p. (In Russian)
  8. Altmann G. Phonic word structure. In: Köhler R., Altmann G., Piotrowski R. (Eds.) Quantitative Linguistik. Ein internationales Handbuch. Berlin, New York, M. de Gruyter, 2005, pp. 191–208.
  9. Baskakov N.A. Istoriko-tipologicheskaya fonologiya tyurkskikh yazykov [Historical and Typological Phonology of Turkic Languages]. Tenishev E.R. (Ed.). Moscow, Nauka, 1988. 208 p. (In Russian)
  10. Tatarskaya grammatika [Tatar Grammar]. Vol. 1. Zakiev M.Z. (Ed.). Kazan, Tatar. Kn. Izd., 1993. 584 p. (In Russian)
  11. Tatar Grammar. Vol. 1. Khisamova F.M. (Ed.). Kazan, TehSI, 2015. 512 p. (In Tatar)
  12. Baichura U.Sh. Zvukovoi stroi tatarskogo yazyka: Eksperimental’no-foneticheskii ocherk [Tatar Sound Structure: An Essay in Experimental Phonetics]. Vol. 1. Kazan, Izd. Kazan. Univ., 1959. 183 p. (In Russian)
  13. Ibragimov T.I. A study of syllable formation and the structure of their combinations in the Tatar literary language. Cand. Philol. Diss. Kazan, 1970. 167 p. (In Russian)
  14. Saykhunov M.R. Rhythmic and temporal characteristics of the Tatar language in terms of automatic speech synthesis. Extended Abstract of Cand. Philol. Diss. Kazan, 2010. 26 p. (In Russian)
  15. Ibragimov T.I., Saykhunov M.R. To the problem of sounding reconstruction of written language. Reduction of short vowels in the Tatar language. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2009, vol. 151, no. 3, pp. 288–298. (In Russian)
  16. Ibragimov T.I., Saykhunov M.R. On the problem of accentuation in the Tatar language (compared to the Russian language). In: Russkaya i sopostavitel’naya filologiya [Russian and Comparative Philology]. Kazan, Kazan. Gos. Univ., 2010, pp. 56–59. (In Russian)
  17. Galieva A.M. Syllable structure in Tatar: From data to modeling. International Journal of Open Information Technologies, 2020, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 9–16. (In Russian)
  18. Galieva A., Vavilova Z. Initial and final syllables in Tatar: From phonotactics to morphology. Glottometrics, 2021, vol. 50, pp. 57–75.
  19. Sravnitel’no-istoricheskaya grammatika tyurkskikh yazykov. Fonetika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages. Phonetics]. Tenishev E.R. (Ed.). Moscow, Nauka, 1984. 488 p. (In Russian)
  20. Kasevich V.B. Morfonologiya [Morphonology]. Leningrad, Izd. Leningr. Univ., 1986. 170 p. (In Russian)
  21. Conover W.J. Practical Nonparametric Statistics. New York, Wiley, 1999. viii+584 p.
  22. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, 2021. Available at: https://www.R-project.org/.

 

The content is available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.