The population of the posad of the fortress city of Tetyushi in the 17th century and its occupational structure

E.V. Pashina

A.Kh. Khalikov Institute of Archaeology, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420012 Russia

E-mail: eka11pa@mail.ru

Received December 23, 2021

 

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Full text PDF

DOI: 10.26907/2541-7738.2022.3.172-186

For citation: Pashina E.V. The population of the posad of the fortress city of Tetyushi in the 17th century and its occupational structure. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2022, vol. 164, no. 3, pp. 172–186. doi: 10.26907/2541-7738.2022.3.172-186. (In Russian)

Abstract

This article describes the structure and dynamics of the population of the posad of Tetyushi, a fortress city, during the 17th century. The analysis is based on the materials of medieval censuses (data taken from the census books of 1646, 1656–1657, and 1678; all being stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Moscow). The social terms of that time (bobyli (‘landless peasants’), rybnye lovtsy (‘fishermen’), zakhrebetniki (‘scrounges’), etc.) were defined. The social spheres in which the residents were employed, with particular attention paid to fishing, crafts, and trade, were considered. The results obtained show that the population of Tetyushi included mainly posad and bobyl residents. Since the city and its district stretched along the Volga River, they were all mainly fishermen. Professions that supported the normal existence of the city and its fortifications were also in demand, as well as military service and small-scale commodity production. It was concluded that Tetyushi of the 17th century was both the military settlement and the economic center of the entire district due to the large number of posad people living here.

Keywords: Middle Volga Region, fortress city of Tetyushi, posad people, bobyl people, craft, trade, 17th century

References

  1. Dimitriev V.D. Cheboksary. Ocherki istorii goroda kontsa XIII – XVII vekov [Cheboksary. Essays on the History of the City in the Late 13th–18th Centuries]. Cheboksary, ChGIGN, 2003. 178 p. (In Russian)
  2. Anisimov Ye.V. Podatnaya reforma Petra I. Vvedenie podushnoi podati v Rossii. 1719–1728 gody [Peter the Great’s Tax Reform. Imposing the Poll Tax in Russia. 1719–1728]. Leningrad, Nauka, 1982. 296 p. (In Russian)
  3. Smirnov P.P. Goroda Moskovskogo gosudarstva v I polovine XVII v. [Cities of the Muscovite State in the First Half of the 17th Century]. Issue 2. Kyiv, Tip. Univ. Sv. Vladimira, 1919. 357 p. (In Russian)
  4. Bobyl. In: Brockhaus F.A., Efron I.A. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ [Encyclopedic Dictionary]. Vol. 7a. St. Petersburg, Tip.-Lit. I.A. Efrona, 1891, p. 139. (In Russian)
  5. Mustafina D.A. Feudal tenure and social categories of the population in the Kazan district during the second half of the 17th century. Cand. Hist. Diss. Kazan, 1985. 248 p. (In Russian)
  6. Kvetsinskaya T.E. Verkhoturye as a transit transportation center of Western Siberia in the 1670s–1680s. In: Goroda Sibiri (epokha feodalizma i kapitalizma) [Cities of Siberia (Feudalism and Capitalism Era)]. Vilkov O.N. (Ed.). Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1978, pp. 46–65. (In Russian)
  7. Peretyatkovich G.I. Povolzh’e v XVII i nachale XVIII veka: (Ocherki iz istorii kolonizatsii kraya) [The Volga Region in the 17th and Early 18th Centuries (Essays from the History of the Region Colonization)]. Odessa, Tip. P.A. Zelenago, 1882. 401 p. (In Russian)
  8. Lemaikina L.M. Culture of a Russian district town: Problems of the evolution and typology: Using the cities of the Mordovian region in the 17th–early 20th centuries as an example. Cand. Hist. Diss. Saransk, 2000. 231 p. (In Russian)
  9. Smirnov P.P. Posadskie lyudi i ikh klassovaya bor’ba do serediny 17 veka [Posad People and Their Class Struggle until the Mid-17th Century]. Vol. 1. Moscow, Leningrad, Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1947. 490 p. (In Russian)
  10. Belov S.G. State industry in the Kazan region during the second half of the 16th century (based on the cadaster data). Aktual’nye problemy otechestvennoi i zarubezhnoi istorii, filologii (vzglyad molodykh uchenykh i aspirantov): Sb. st. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Current Problems of National and Foreign History, Philology (Views of Young Scientists and Graduate Students): Proc. Sci.-Pract. Conf.]. Kazan, Foliant, 2014, no. 3, pp. 15–19. (In Russian)

The content is available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.