Phylogeny of Canthocamptidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) based on the morphology of antennae and mouthparts

A.A. Novikov a*, E.N. Abramova b**, R.M. Sabirov a***

aKazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia

bLena Delta Nature Reserve, Tiksi, 678400 Russia

E-mail: *aan201097@yandex.ru, **abramova-katya@mail.ru, ***Rushan.Sabirov@mail.ru

Received April 30, 2020

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DOI: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.4.629-647

For citation: Novikov A.A., Abramova E.N., Sabirov R.M. Phylogeny of Canthocamptidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) based on the morphology of antennae and mouthparts. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2020, vol. 162, no. 4, pp. 629–647. doi: 10.26907/2542-064X.2020.4.629-647. (In Russian)

Abstract

The plesiomorphic state of mouthparts and antennae, both characterized by dense setation and numerous spine groups, was described in a hypothetical common ancestor of all canthocamptids. This is the first time that canthocamptids have been subjected to a comparative analysis based on not only segmentation and ornamentation of their appendages, but also on spinular ornamentation. All data were entered into a matrix with 131 characters. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred in PAUP 4.0: a total of 41 species were divided into several major clades – Cletocamptus, Hemimesochrinae, Mesochra + Heteropsyllus, Itunella + Taurocletodes, Canthocamptinae + Morariinae. In general, the results obtained coincided with the available molecular genetic data. In the Canthocamptinae + Morariinae clade, Canthocamptus and Bryocamptus were supported as the sister genera. However, some genera were deemed to be non-monophyletic and, therefore, should be separated: Cletocamptus, Mesochra, possibly Attheyella, Bryocamptus, Moraria.

Keywords: Canthocamptidae, cladistics, phylogeny, freshwater Copepoda, Attheyella, Mesochra, Cletocamptus

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. Appendages of a hypothetical ancestor common to all representatives of Canthocamptidae: a – antennule, female; b – antenna; c – maxilla. Spines and setae on frontal and dorsal sides are shown with orange and blue colors, respectively. See Materials and Methods for abbreviations.

Fig. 2. Appendages of a hypothetical ancestor common to all representatives of Canthocamptidae: a – maxillule, b – mandible; c – maxilliped. Spines and setae on frontal and dorsal sides are shown with orange and blue colors, respectively. See Materials and Methods for abbreviations.

Fig. 3. NJ cladogram generated with PAUP 4.0 based on the reweighted values. Enhydrosoma parapropinquum and Paracrenhydrosoma kiai form an outer group. Numbers above branches indicate bootstrap support values. Dashes indicate values lower than 50%. See Table 1 for abbreviations.

Fig. 4. Cladogram of major monophyletic clades of the studied species. Scheme based on the NJ tree. Clades with two or more representatives are shown with triangles. Bryocamptus + Canthocamptus clade falls within Canthocamptinae clade. Bootstrap support values of the branches are given in Fig. 3.

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