Lyudmila Mihajlovna Shklyaeva,
G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the AS RT,
12 Karl Marks Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.
luda-next@yandex.ru.
The article focuses on the development of stylistic features, characterizing folk wood carving house décor of Middle Volga Tatars. The research demonstrates the most ancient ties of the latter with the vast Turkic world. The article confirms links of ornamentation types with older Turkic cultures in the decorative design of the facades of the Tatars’ rural wooden structures, built in the period from the middle of the 19th to the last quarter of the 20th century. The ornamental motifs in the early Turks’ art, reflecting their worldview, were adopted by the ancestors of the Tatars. Later these motifs entered the decorative system of the Bulgarian and Tatar people. To this day, special symbolic significance is attached to the ornament of the Turkic origin in the design of the dwelling external appearances in the countryside. The exterior decoration of original Tatar houses demonstrates reproduction of common Turkic, Central Asian, Seljuk, and Ottoman styling elements of the carved decor. Their emergence in the Applied Arts of modern Tatars’ ancestors goes back to the times of the Kazan Khanate, the Golden Horde, and the Volga Bulgaria. This rich layer of the ornamental system of house carving belongs to traditional Tatar Arts. It carries important senses and performs the function of preserving images and symbols in the historical memory of the ethnos.
Key words: traditional Tatar art, folk art of house wood carving, stylistic features, semantic meaning.