E.P. Antonova*, V.N. Antonovab
aInstitute of Humanitarian Research and Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, 677007 Russia
bNorth-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000 Russia
E-mail: *antegor@yandex.ru
Received April 12, 2016
Abstract
As part of the complex research on the Yakut anti-Soviet rebel movement in 1921–1922, which rose to the national level, the social structure and ideology of the rebels have been considered. It has been found that the poor, farmhands, and peasants of medium welfare formed the basis of the movement. Russian officers were responsible for the military command. The ideological guidance was performed by the intelligentsia. The financial support was provided by the merchants.
Having analyzed the programs, charters, appealings, private letters, and other papers, we have made the following conclusions: most rebels were for the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, building of the national state by providing provincial autonomy, as well as the multiparty system and democratic liberties. They developed the executive branch in the form of an institute for district intendants and volost, nasleg and village administrations. In the sphere of economy, it was supposed to establish the share system according to the labor rate and to retain the status of a free-trade zone on the coast of the sea of Okhotsk to cope with the goods famine.
The available factual material shows the transformation of the aboriginal people of Yakutia into an active subject of the historical process. The reconstruction of the political platform of the rebel movement is a reflection of the period of anticipated and hard development of the ideas about nation building.
Keywords: social structure, rebel movement, information department, monarchical ideas, intelligentsia, All-Russian Constituent Assembly, regional government, military communism, requisitioning, concessions, porto franco, share system
References
- Basharin G.P. Social and Political Climate in Yakutia during 1921–1925. Yakutsk, Bichik, 1996. 327 p. (In Russian)
- Makarov G.G. The Northeast of Russia (Yakutia, Okhotsk Coast, and Cukotka) in 1921–1922. Yakutsk, Bichik, 1996. 335 p. (In Russian)
- Zimina V.D. The White Movement and Russian State System during the Period of Civil War. Volgograd, Volgogr. Akad. Gos. Sluzhby, 1997. 484 p. (In Russian)
- Kondrashin V.V. The slogans and program of the peasant rebel movement during the years of the Civil War. Krest'yanskii front 1918–1922 gg. [The Peasant Front of 1918–1922]. Moscow, AIRO XXI, 2013, pp. 80–98. (In Russian)
- Tsipkin Yu.N. The White Movement in the Russian Far East (1920–1922). Khabarovsk, Izd. Khabar. Gos. Pedagog. Univ., 1996. 182 p. (In Russian)
- Shishkin V.I. Siberian Vendée: Armed Resistance to the Communist Regime in 1920. Novosibirsk, Olsib, 1997. 710 p. (In Russian)
- Kuzma Osipovich Gavrilov: Writer, Public Person, Economist. Yakutsk, Bichik, 1993. 128 p. (In Russian)
- Makarov G.G. The Northeast of the RSFSR in the Years of Military Intervention and Civil War and the Transition to the New Economic Policy (1918–1921). Yakutsk, Kn. Izd., 1988. 303 p. (In Russian)
- Novikov P.A. Civil War in Eastern Siberia. Moscow, Tsentrpoligraf, 2005. 415 p. (In Russian)
- Troitskaya N.A. “Porto Franco” in the Far East. Porto-Franko na Dal'nem Vostoke [Porto Franco in the Far East]. Vladivostok, Ross. Gos. Ist. Arkh. Dal. Vostoka, 2000, pp. 5–14. (In Russian)
- Gagkuev R.G., Tsvetkov V.Zh. Education in the “White” Crimea. The activity of the Department of National Education in the Crimea during the spring – autumn of 1920. Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii, 2011, no. 12, pp. 131–136. (In Russian)
For citation: Antonov E.P., Antonova V.N. The social structure and ideology of the rebel movement in Yakutia during 1921–1922. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki, 2017, vol. 159, no. 4, pp. 836–845. (In Russian)
The content is available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.