Using multivariate statistical analysis to study the ecological and geochemical properties of soils in Blagoveshchensk (Russia)

V.I. Radomskayaa*, D.V. Yusupovb**, L.M. Pavlovaa***, A.G. Sergeevaa****, E.N. Voropaevaa*****

aInstitute of Geology and Nature Management, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,

Blagoveschensk, 675000 Russia

bNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634034 Russia

E-mail: *radomskaya@ascnet.ru, **yusupovd@mail.ru, ***pav@ascnet.ru, ****skomoroshko@mail.ru, *****levorglav@mail.ru

Received March 23, 2017

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Abstract

The study is extremely relevant, because most people in Russia (over 73%) live in urban environments, which are significantly influenced by various pollutants. According to N.S. Kasimov et al. (2014), small towns account for 83% of urban areas where the pollution rate is much higher as established by their industry specialization. Thus, the problem of the contribution of different sources into environmental pollution in small industrial towns is acute. For this reason, the geochemical characteristics of urban soils (in the Far Eastern city of Blagoveshchensk (Russia)) have been studied with the help of factor analysis and the sources of polluting elements have been identified. In order to determine stable geochemical associations of pollutants in the soil cover, various geochemical methods and multivariate statistical analysis have been used. Having processed the geochemical data on the soil by the methods of multivariate statistical analysis, we have revealed with a high degree of reliability the cause-and-effect relations between the geochemical characteristics of urban soils and the potential sources of their contamination. Four factors have been found. The main factor has the contribution of 45.9% to the total variance of association elements Co–Ni–Zn–Sb–Be– SO42– and indicates industrial pyrogenesis as the main cause of their arrival. The other two factors characterize general technogenic pollution from the emission of coal- and oil-fired boilers, households with stove heating, and auto pollution. The last factor with the total variance of 7.4% relates to the cadmium content increase in soils of the city.

Keywords: Blagoveshchensk, quantitative chemical analysis, factor analysis, mineralogical analysis, heavy metals, metalloids

Figure Captions

Fig. 1. The map of actual soil sampling sites in Blagoveshchensk: 1) residential area; 2) territory of industrial enterprises, 3) state border of Russia with China; 4) railway, 5) thermal power station; 6) factories, production bases; 7) boiler houses operating on brown coal; 8) sampling sites of urban soils and their numbers. Insets: rose of winds (top, left), map of the Amur region (top, right).

Fig. 2. The dendrogram showing the correlation matrix of acid-soluble forms of the pollutants in the soils of Blagoveshchensk.

Fig. 3. The distribution of rotated factorial loads of trace elements in the selected 4-factor model in Blagoveshchensk: a ‒ associative group I Co‒Zn‒Be‒Ni‒Sb‒W‒sulfate ion; b ‒ associative group II Cr, Cu, Pb; c ‒ associative group III V, U, Th; d –associative group IV Cd.

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For citation: Radomskaya V.I., Yusupov D.V., Pavlova L.M., Sergeeva A.G., Voropaeva E.N. Using multivariate statistical analysis to study the ecological and geochemical properties of soils in Blagoveshchensk (Russia). Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki, 2017, vol. 159, no. 4, pp. 602–617. (In Russian)


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