Summary is an independent part of the paper and its compositional generalization. Summary should be informative, reveal the main points of the research, as well as follow the structural logic of des­cription of the obtained results used in the paper. Please note that Summary does not only include key data presented in the paper, but these data should be also laid out in the most succinct and comprehensible way.

Summary embraces:

• Aim and tasks of the performed research;
• Methods used to fulfill the aim being pursued and tasks associated with it;
• Conclusions and results achieved throughout the research;
• Practical importance and value.

In the compositional sense, three parts of Summary should be clearly distinguished: introduction, main body, and conclusions.

The recommended size of Summary is 200-250 words.

Comments

Please avoid such expressions as “Introduction / first paragraph / second page states that … ”.

If Summary involves abbreviations and acronyms, their meaning should be explained in brackets at first occurrence.

Use introductory phrases only when it is strictly necessary. Try to avoid vague expressions. Furthermore, Summary should rather give a complete picture of particular results of the research than provide a list of facts that are commonly known.

Make extensive use of keywords of the paper when drafting Summary.

Direct quotes from literature sources used for preparing the manus­cript are not allowed in Summary.

Summary should comprise ascertaining and impersonal constructions («the paper describes / analyzes / proves … ”, etc.).

Phrases for Writing Summary

The paper deals with … / the paper is devoted to … / the paper is a (detailed) generalization, des­cription, review of … / the paper covers such issues as …

The research is urgent, because ….

The aim of this research is …

The following main methods were used to fulfill the aim of this research …

The paper provides numerous examples proving that …

Firstly ... / secondly ... / thirdly ... / and, finally, ...

Based on the results of this research, the following conclusions were made …

Among the obtained results, the following ones are the most important …

The results obtained during this research are particularly important for …

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