Kazan Federal University is the only university in Russia to possess its own unique combination of different museums. The University's Royal Charter of 1804 established the Cabinet of Natural History and the Mineral Cabinet, the foundation for the present day Mineral-Geological, Zoological and Botanical Museums. The Cabinet of Rarities, the foundation for the Ethnographic and Archeological Museums, was established in 1815. The Museum of the Kazan School of Chemistry was first founded in 1863 as Alexander Butlerov's Cabinet-Museum. The foundation of the present day Museum of the History of Kazan University was laid when a 'memorial zone' was created in 1948.

KFU museums enjoy international repute for their quality. Information on their collections can be found in international catalogs and reference books. The collections are used for educational, research and cultural purposes.

• Edward Eversman Zoology Museum boasts over 50,000 exhibits, giving a complete view of the diversity of wildlife from unicellular organisms to primates.
• Ethnographic Museum's most exemplary collection is that of the artifacts characterizing the way of life of different peoples of Russia, especially Siberia and the multiethnic Volga region.
• Alexander Stuckenberg Geology Museum comprises of 150,000 articles from 60 countries, including collections of meteorites, rocks, and fossils of ancient plants and animals.
• Archeological Museum's main exhibition presents wide-ranging illustrations of general archeology, anthropology, ancient and medieval history and the history of archeological science in Kazan.
• Botanical Museum was complemented by the collection of Prince Potemkin, donated by Emperor Paul I to the Kazan Imperial School in 1798. Later the large collections of abbot de Grenadier (1,500 pieces) and Ruprecht (6,500 pieces) were added, to be joined by other collections.
• Museum of Kazan School of Chemistry is the only museum of a whole chemical research field to be found in the entire world.
• Kazan University Museum of History A thousand exhibits and unique relics illustrate the scientific advances of scientific schools of the University and present the outstanding discoveries that have brought world renown to Kazan University.
• Museum's branch, E.K.Zavoisky Laboratory has scientific instruments used by physicists in 19-20th centuries, as well as a rich collection of radio technical equipment of the past century.